Transformers

A power transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy between two or more circuits using electromagnetic induction. It is primarily used in power transmission and distribution systems to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels, enabling efficient electricity flow over long distances.

A power transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction to transfer electrical energy between circuits while either increasing (step-up) or decreasing (step-down) voltage levels. It allows efficient power transmission over long distances by minimising energy loss.

How It Works:
Alternating Current (AC) in the Primary Winding:

When AC voltage is applied to the primary coil (winding), it creates a changing magnetic field around the transformer’s core.

Magnetic Flux in the Core:
The alternating magnetic field generated in the primary winding induces a magnetic flux in the iron core, which serves as a medium for energy transfer.

Induced Voltage in the Secondary Winding:
According to Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, the magnetic flux passing through the secondary winding induces an alternating voltage in it.
Voltage Transformation:

The voltage output depends on the turns ratio of the primary and secondary windings:
Step-Up Transformer: If the secondary winding has more turns than the primary, it increases voltage.
Step-Down Transformer: If the secondary winding has fewer turns than the primary, it reduces voltage.

Current Flow in the Secondary Circuit:
Once the secondary winding receives the induced voltage, it supplies AC power to connected loads such as homes, industries, or businesses.